untitled
Artificial intelligence
 

Artificial intelligence (also known as machine intelligence and often abbreviated as AI) is intelligence exhibited by any manufactured (i.e. artificial) system. The term is often applied to general purpose computers and also in the field of scientific investigation into the theory and practical application of AI. "AI" the term is often used in works of science fiction to refer to that which exhibits artificial intelligence as well, as in "the AI" referring to a singular discrete or distributed mechanism.

Modern AI research is concerned with producing useful machines to automate human tasks requiring intelligent behavior. Examples include: scheduling resources such as military units, answering questions about products for customers, understanding and transcribing speech, and recognizing faces in CCTV cameras. As such, it has become an engineering discipline, focused on providing solutions to practical problems. AI methods were used to schedule units in the first Gulf War, and the costs saved by this efficiency have repaid the US government's entire investment in AI research since the 1950s. AI systems are now in routine use in many businesses, hospitals and military units around the world, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications and video games. (See Raj Reddy's AAAI paper for a comprehensive review of real-world AI systems in deployment today.)

AI methods are often employed in cognitive science research, which explicitly tries to model subsystems of human cognition.

Historically, AI researchers aimed for the loftier goal of so-called strong AI, of simulating complete, human-like intelligence. This goal is epitomised by the fictional strong AI computer HAL 9000 in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. This goal is unlikely to be met in the near future and is no longer the subject of most serious AI research. The label "AI" has something of a bad name due to the failure of these early expectations, and aggravation by various popular science writers and media personalities such as Professor Kevin Warwick whose work has raised the expectations of AI research far beyond its current capabilities. For this reason, many AI researchers say they work in cognitive science, informatics, statistical inference or information engineering in an attempt to distance themselves from such charlatanism.

AI has seen many research paradigms, including symbolic, connectionist and Bayesian approaches. There is still no consensus as to the best way to proceed. Recent fashionable research areas include Bayesian Networks and Artificial Life.

 

index | intell1 | intell2 | intell3 | Florida holiday vacation | Florida holiday villas | Dentalcare | Google blog | Night Vision Goggles | Prescription safety glasses | dental care Dental Plan | Health Care | Health Plan | football shirts | oil paintings | seo company india | katrina news | florida villas | holiday villas | fishing equipment | tsunami | nigerian spam | cyclone rita | reviewpainting| spain vacations | san francisco sightseeing tours | Fluoroscent Lamps